Skeptic or believer, the changes are undeniable

You might be a hardened sceptic of climate change, or perhaps you’re already sold on it. Either way, it’s hard to deny that the weather has changed. And with it, harvest dates are coming forward.
In Rioja, flowering, véraison (that’s the point when grapes change colour and start ripening) and harvest are now happening a good week to ten days earlier than just a decade ago. That’s not a blip; that’s a trend.

Spain, before phylloxera, was a wild, tangled mess of vines with over 700 grape varieties stretching from the Basque hills to the sun-baked plains of Andalusia. It was a country of forgotten valleys and ancient terraces, of vines planted in haphazard mosaics, each plot a time capsule of local viticultural history. Winemakers worked with what the land gave them - Maturana, Trepat, Moristel, Rufete, etc. - grapes that spoke in the dialect of their terroir. Then came the great catastrophe.